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Abstract. The late Paleocene is characterized by warm and stable climatic conditions that served as the background climate for the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~55 million years ago). With respect to feedback processes in the carbon cycle, the ocean biogeochemical background state is of major importance for projecting the climatic response to a carbon perturbation related to the PETM. Therefore, we use the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HAMOCC), embedded in the ocean general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, MPIOM, to constrain the ocean biogeochemistry of the late Paleocene. We focus on the evaluation of modeled spatial and vertical distributions of the ocean carbon cycle parameters in a long-term warm steady-state ocean, based on a 560 ppm CO₂ atmosphere. Model results are discussed in the context of available proxy data and simulations of pre-industrial conditions. Our results illustrate that ocean biogeochemistry is shaped by the warm and sluggish ocean state of the late Paleocene. Primary production is slightly reduced in comparison to the present day; it is intensified along the Equator, especially in the Atlantic. This enhances remineralization of organic matter, resulting in strong oxygen minimum zones and CaCO₃ dissolution in intermediate waters. We show that an equilibrium CO₂ exchange without increasing total alkalinity concentrations above today's values is achieved. However, consistent with the higher atmospheric CO₂, the surface ocean pH and the saturation state with respect to CaCO₃ are lower than today. Our results indicate that, under such conditions, the surface ocean carbonate chemistry is expected to be more sensitive to a carbon perturbation (i.e., the PETM) due to lower CO₃^2？ concentration, whereas the deep ocean calcite sediments would be less vulnerable to dissolution due to the vertically stratified ocean.

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Detecting an external influence on recent changes in oceanic oxygen using an optimal fingerprinting method
O. D. Andrews, N. L. Bindoff, P. R. Halloran, T. Ilyina,C. Le Quéré
Biogeosciences (BG) & Discussions (BGD) , 2013,

Abstract: Ocean deoxygenation has been observed in all major ocean basins over the past 50 yr. Although this signal is largely consistent with oxygen changes expected from anthropogenic climate change, the contribution of external forcing to recent deoxygenation trends relative to natural internal variability is yet to be established. Here we conduct a formal optimal fingerprinting analysis to investigate if external forcing has had a detectable influence on observed dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) changes between ～1970 and ～1992 using simulations from two Earth System Models (MPI-ESM-LR and HadGEM2-ES). We detect a response to external forcing at a 90% confidence level and find that observed [O2] changes are inconsistent with internal variability as simulated by models. This result is robust in the global ocean for depth-averaged (1-D) zonal mean patterns of [O2] change in both models. Further analysis with the MPI-ESM-LR model shows similar positive detection results for depth-resolved (2-D) zonal mean [O2] changes globally and for the Pacific Ocean individually. Observed oxygen changes in the Atlantic Ocean are indistinguishable from natural internal variability. Simulations from both models consistently underestimate the amplitude of historical [O2] changes in response to external forcing, suggesting that model projections for future ocean deoxygenation may also be underestimated.

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Detecting an external influence on recent changes in oceanic oxygen using an optimal fingerprinting method
O. D. Andrews,N. L. Bindoff,P. R. Halloran,T. Ilyina
Biogeosciences Discussions , 2012, DOI: 10.5194/bgd-9-12469-2012

Abstract: Ocean deoxygenation has been observed in all major ocean basins over the past 50 yr. Although this signal is largely consistent with oxygen changes expected from anthropogenic climate change, the contribution of external forcing to recent deoxygenation trends relative to natural internal variability is yet to be established. Here we conduct a formal optimal fingerprinting analysis to investigate if external forcing has had a detectable influence on observed dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) changes between ~ 1970 and ~ 1992 using simulations from two Earth System Models (MPI-ESM-LR and HadGEM2-ES). We detect a response to external forcing at a 90% confidence level and find that observed [O2] changes are inconsistent with internal variability as simulated by models. This result is robust in the global ocean for depth-averaged (1-D) zonal mean patterns of [O2] change in both models. Further analysis with the MPI-ESM-LR model shows similar positive detection results for depth-resolved (2-D) zonal mean [O2] changes globally and for the Pacific Ocean individually. Observed oxygen changes in the Atlantic Ocean are indistinguishable from natural internal variability. Simulations from both models consistently underestimate the amplitude of historical [O2] changes in response to external forcing, suggesting that model projections for future ocean deoxygenation may also be underestimated.

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Impact of an extremely large magnitude volcanic eruption on the global climate and carbon cycle estimated from ensemble Earth System Model simulations
J. Segschneider, A. Beitsch, C. Timmreck, V. Brovkin, T. Ilyina, J. Jungclaus, S. J. Lorenz, K. D. Six,D. Zanchettin
Biogeosciences (BG) & Discussions (BGD) , 2013,

Abstract: The response of the global climate-carbon cycle system to an extremely large Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude volcanic eruption is investigated using ensemble integrations with the comprehensive Earth System Model MPI-ESM. The model includes dynamical compartments of the atmosphere and ocean and interactive modules of the terrestrial biosphere as well as ocean biogeochemistry. The MPI-ESM was forced with anomalies of aerosol optical depth and effective radius of aerosol particles corresponding to a super eruption of the Yellowstone volcanic system. The model experiment consists of an ensemble of fifteen model integrations that are started at different pre-ENSO states of a control experiment and run for 200 years after the volcanic eruption. The climate response to the volcanic eruption is a maximum global monthly mean surface air temperature cooling of 3.8 K for the ensemble mean and from 3.3 K to 4.3 K for individual ensemble members. Atmospheric pCO2 decreases by a maximum of 5 ppm for the ensemble mean and by 3 ppm to 7 ppm for individual ensemble members approximately 6 years after the eruption. The atmospheric carbon content only very slowly returns to near pre-eruption level at year 200 after the eruption. The ocean takes up carbon shortly after the eruption in response to the cooling, changed wind fields and ice cover. This physics-driven uptake is weakly counteracted by a reduction of the biological export production mainly in the tropical Pacific. The land vegetation pool shows a decrease by 4 GtC due to reduced short-wave radiation that has not been present in a smaller scale eruption. The gain of the soil carbon pool determines the amplitude of the CO2 perturbation and the long-term behaviour of the overall system: an initial gain caused by reduced soil respiration is followed by a rather slow return towards pre-eruption levels. During this phase, the ocean compensates partly for the reduced atmospheric carbon content in response to the land's gain. In summary, we find that the volcanic eruption has long-lasting effects on the carbon cycle: After 200 years, the ocean and the land carbon pools are still different from the pre-eruption state by 3 GtC and 4 GtC, respectively, and the land carbon pools (vegetation and soil) show some long-lasting local anomalies that are only partly visible in the global signal.

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Fluvoxamine in Treatment of Depression in Russian Patients: An Open-Label, Uncontrolled and Non-Randomized Multicenter Observational Study [PDF]
Anatoly Boleslavovich Smulevich, Natalia Alekseevna Ilyina, Victoria Valentinovna Chitlova
Open Journal of Psychiatry (OJPsych) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojpsych.2015.54036

Abstract: Background: Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is widely used in the treatment of depression, one of the most common disorders prevalent in Russia. However, studies demonstrating its efficacy and safety in routine settings in Russia are scarce. Methods: This prospective, uncontrolled, open-label study was conducted at 11 centers in Russia. Total 293 patients (aged ≥ 18 years), meeting DSM-IV criteria for depression and scoring ≥ 17 on 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HAMD-17) received fluvoxamine 50 - 300 mg for 6 weeks. Primary efficacy measures included change from baseline in the HAMD-17 and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores. Secondary efficacy measure was evaluation of sleep quality changes on HAMD-17 subscale. Safety was assessed by monitoring of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: Mean age of patients was 42.7 years and the majority of them were women (72%). At the end of treatment (day 42), clinically significant reduction was observed in mean HAMD-17, CGI-severity of illness and HAMD-17 sleep sub-score from 23.1, 4.5 and 3.9 at baseline to day 42; change from baseline (Δ) was: Δ-17.3 [95% CI: -18.0; -16.7]), Δ-2.1 and Δ-3.4 [95% CI: -3.53; -3.20]), respectively. At day 42, 20.8% patients reported as normal (not at all ill) on the CGI-severity scale and 85% patients reported as “much improved” or “very much improved” on the CGI-change in severity and quality of life scores. Nausea (12.6%) and somnolence (5.1%) were the most frequently reported ADRs. No deaths or serious ADRs were reported but eight patients discontinued treatment due to ADRs. Conclusion: Treatment with fluvoxamine under routine settings showed marked improvement in Russian patients with depression as measured by HAMD-17 and CGI ratings and was thus efficacious as well as safe and well-tolerated.

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roblems and prospects of work experience of students studying marine specialties
Ilyina Elena Georgievna,Pokusaev Mikhail Nikolayevich
Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine Engineering and Technologies , 2010,

Abstract: A review of problems connected with qualification personnel training in Russia and abroad is given in the paper. The results of the analytic research of problems and prospects of education, business and manufactories cooperation at personnel training for ship repair and shipbuilding branch are shown. Conclusions about problems and prospects of cooperation are made. The experience of education establishments cooperation with leading manufactories at specialists training on the base of the institute of marine technologies, energy and transport of Astrakhan State Technical University is illustrated.

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Morphological peculiarities of peritoneal adhesions in patient with acute peritoneal adhesions obstruction and impaired liver function
Ilyina-Stognienko V.Ju.
Морфолог？я , 2012,

Abstract: The features of morphological structure of adhesions in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction in patients with impaired liver function were investigated. It was found that in patients with impaired liver function observed greater adhesions in the abdominal adhesions polymorphism, the presence of fibrin and inflammatory infiltration in the remote period after previous laparotomy. In patients without liver dysfunction adhesions formed by dense connective tissue, moderately vascularized covered with mesothelium, fibrin and inflammatory infiltration absent. These data suggest a predisposition to progression of adhesions in the remote period after laparotomy in patients with impaired liver function.

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Hepatoprotective Activity of Plant Peptides [PDF]
O. G. Kulikova, D. I. Maltsev, A. P. Ilyina, V. P. Yamskova, I. A. Yamskov
American Journal of Plant Sciences (AJPS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.67092

Abstract: Peptides (molecular weights are 1200 – 11,600 Da) biologically acting at concentration 10^-8 - 10^-15 mg/ml were obtained from leaves of dill Anethum graveolens L. and celandine Chelidonium majus L. by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. We have shown that these peptides form second structure characterized by the prevalence of β-structures and coil in water solution. In model of organotypic roller culturing of triton liver in vitro, the ability of the peptides isolated from Anethum graveolens L. and Chelidonium majus L. at concentration 10^-8 - 10^-15 mg/ml to influence increasing of pigment cells, which provided protective function of organism, was demonstrated.

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Lenticular galaxies with UV-rings
Marina A. Ilyina,Olga K. Sil'chenko
Physics , 2011, DOI: 10.1134/S0320010811090051

Abstract: By using the public UV imaging data obtained by the GALEX (Galaxy Ultraviolet Explorer) for nearby galaxies, we have compiled a list of lenticular galaxies possessing ultraviolet rings - starforming regions tightly confined to particular radial distances from galactic centers. We have studied large-scale structure of these galaxies in the optical bands by using the data of the SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey): we have decomposed the galactic images into large-scale disks and bulges, have measured the ring optical colours from the residual images after subtracting model disks and bulges, and have compared the sizes of the rings in the optical light and in the UV-band. The probable origin of the outer starforming ring appearances in unbarred galaxies demonstrating otherwise the regular structure and homogeneously old stellar population beyond the rings is discussed.

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Properties and Structural Features of Early-type Disk Galaxies with Multi-tier Disks
Marina A. Ilyina,Olga K. Sil'chenko
Physics , 2010,

Abstract: The results of photometric decomposition of surface brightness distributions in 85 early-type unbarred galaxies are presented. The SDSS r-images are analysed. Double-tiered exponential disks are found in all galaxies which are studied; the statistics of the disk parameters is derived.

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